<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">早在五十年代初,<***N lang=EN-US>PVP***N>就***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體">開(kāi)***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">始用作***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體">頭發(fā)***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">定型***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體">樹(shù)***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">脂。隨著<***N lang=EN-US>PVP***N>的出***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體">現(xiàn)***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">,***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體">頭發(fā)***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">定型***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體">劑***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">市***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體">場(chǎng)開(kāi)***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">始迅速***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體">發(fā)***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">展。<***N lang=EN-US>PVP***N>及其共聚物大量用于***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體">護(hù)發(fā)***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">用品<***N lang=EN-US>--***N>香波、***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體">發(fā)***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">乳、***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體">發(fā)***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">膠<***N lang=EN-US>(Hair gel***N>透明凝膠<***N lang=EN-US>)***N>、定型液<***N lang=EN-US>(Set lotion)***N>、***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體">發(fā)***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">膏<***N lang=EN-US>(Pomade***N>,男用<***N lang=EN-US>)***N>、***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體">噴發(fā)***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">膠<***N lang=EN-US>(Hair spray)***N>。<***N lang=EN-US>
<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">在歐美,<***N lang=EN-US>PVP***N>在化***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體">妝***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">品行***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體">業(yè)***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">的***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體">應(yīng)***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">用中,其在***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體">護(hù)發(fā)***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">用品的使用量占其全部供***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體">應(yīng)***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">量的<***N lang=EN-US>90%***N>。含有<***N lang=EN-US>NVP***N>聚合物的***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體">發(fā)***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">型保持***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體">劑***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">能在***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體">頭發(fā)***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">上形成富有***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體">彈***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">性和光***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體">澤***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">的薄膜,起到定型作用,不沾灰***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體">塵***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">,不易剝落,但極易洗***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體">凈***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">。但是,由于<***N lang=EN-US>PVP***N>均聚物吸濕性***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體">較強(qiáng)***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">,***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體">彈***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">性欠佳,不適宜于潮濕氣候,其后***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體">開(kāi)發(fā)***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">了<***N lang=EN-US>NVP***N>與**乙***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體">烯酯***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體" lang=EN-US>(VAC)***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">的共聚物即<***N lang=EN-US>PVP/VA***N>在***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體">噴發(fā)***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">膠中取代<***N lang=EN-US>PVP***N>。<***N lang=EN-US>PVP/VA***N>中,<***N lang=EN-US>NVP(***N>***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體">親***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">水***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體">單***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">體<***N lang=EN-US>)***N>與<***N lang=EN-US>VAC(***N>***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體">親***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">油***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體">單***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">體<***N lang=EN-US>)***N>之***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體">間***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">的比例可以任意***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體">調(diào)節(jié)***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">,從而可以改***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體">變***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">其吸水性,以適***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體">應(yīng)***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">不同的氣候和不同定型效果的需要。<***N lang=EN-US>VAC***N>的含量***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體">俞***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">高,其吸水率愈低,***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體">則***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">適宜于***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體">較***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">潮濕的氣候條件。<***N lang=EN-US><***N style="mso-spacerun: yes">? ***N>(***N>參***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體">見(jiàn)圖***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體" lang=EN-US>16)***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">同***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體">時(shí)***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">由于分子***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體">鏈***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">中<***N lang=EN-US>VAC***N>***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體">單***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">元的存在,使<***N lang=EN-US>PVP/VA***N>形成的薄膜更具有***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體">彈***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">性。因此***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體">雖***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">然新的定型***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體">樹(shù)***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">脂品***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體">種***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">不斷在市***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體">場(chǎng)***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">推出,但<***N lang=EN-US>PVP/VA***N>直至今天仍是歐美***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體">護(hù)發(fā)***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">用聚合物的主流***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體">樹(shù)***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">脂品***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體">種***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">。在用于化***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體">妝***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">品的<***N lang=EN-US>PVP***N>系列***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體">產(chǎn)***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">品中中,<***N lang=EN-US>PVP/VA***N>***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體">約***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">占<***N lang=EN-US>32%***N>。<***N lang=EN-US>
<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">不同***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體">規(guī)***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">格的<***N lang=EN-US>PVP/VA***N>,其***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體">單***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">體***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體">組***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">成、性***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體">質(zhì)***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">及用途***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體">見(jiàn)***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">表<***N lang=EN-US>37***N>。<***N lang=EN-US>
<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體">表<***N lang=EN-US>37<***N style="mso-spacerun: yes">? ***N>PVP/VA***N>共聚物的溶解性及主要用途<***N lang=EN-US>
<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋體; LETTER-***CING: 0.3pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">單體<***N lang=EN-US> <***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋體; LETTER-***CING: 0.3pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang=EN-US> |
<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋體; LETTER-***CING: 0.3pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang=EN-US><***N style="mso-spacerun: yes">??? ***N>***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋體; LETTER-***CING: 0.3pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">比例<***N lang=EN-US> <***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋體; LETTER-***CING: 0.3pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang=EN-US> |
<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋體; LETTER-***CING: 0.3pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang=EN-US><***N style="mso-spacerun: yes">??? ***N>***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋體; LETTER-***CING: 0.3pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">性質(zhì)<***N lang=EN-US> <***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋體; LETTER-***CING: 0.3pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang=EN-US> |
<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋體; LETTER-***CING: 0.3pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">主要用途<***N lang=EN-US> <***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋體; LETTER-***CING: 0.3pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang=EN-US> |
<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋體; LETTER-***CING: 0.3pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang=EN-US><***N style="mso-spacerun: yes">? ***N>VP/VA <***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋體; LETTER-***CING: 0.3pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang=EN-US> |
<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋體; LETTER-***CING: 0.3pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang=EN-US><***N style="mso-spacerun: yes">??? ***N>7/3 <***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋體; LETTER-***CING: 0.3pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang=EN-US> |
<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋體; LETTER-***CING: 0.3pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang=EN-US><***N style="mso-spacerun: yes">? ***N>***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋體; LETTER-***CING: 0.3pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">可溶于水<***N lang=EN-US> <***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋體; LETTER-***CING: 0.3pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang=EN-US> |
<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋體; LETTER-***CING: 0.3pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">摩絲<***N lang=EN-US> <***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋體; LETTER-***CING: 0.3pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang=EN-US> |
<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋體; LETTER-***CING: 0.3pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang=EN-US><***N style="mso-spacerun: yes">? ***N>VP/VA <***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋體; LETTER-***CING: 0.3pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang=EN-US> |
<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋體; LETTER-***CING: 0.3pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang=EN-US><***N style="mso-spacerun: yes">??? ***N>6/4 <***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋體; LETTER-***CING: 0.3pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang=EN-US> |
<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋體; LETTER-***CING: 0.3pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang=EN-US><***N style="mso-spacerun: yes">? ***N>***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋體; LETTER-***CING: 0.3pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">可溶于水<***N lang=EN-US> <***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋體; LETTER-***CING: 0.3pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang=EN-US> |
<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋體; LETTER-***CING: 0.3pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">定型膠,摩絲,整發(fā)型水,睫毛油<***N lang=EN-US> <***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋體; LETTER-***CING: 0.3pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang=EN-US> |
<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋體; LETTER-***CING: 0.3pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang=EN-US><***N style="mso-spacerun: yes">? ***N>VP/VA <***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋體; LETTER-***CING: 0.3pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang=EN-US> |
<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋體; LETTER-***CING: 0.3pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang=EN-US><***N style="mso-spacerun: yes">??? ***N>5/5 <***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋體; LETTER-***CING: 0.3pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang=EN-US> |
<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋體; LETTER-***CING: 0.3pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang=EN-US><***N style="mso-spacerun: yes">? ***N>***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋體; LETTER-***CING: 0.3pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">可溶于乙醇<***N lang=EN-US> <***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋體; LETTER-***CING: 0.3pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang=EN-US> |
<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋體; LETTER-***CING: 0.3pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">整發(fā)型水<***N lang=EN-US> <***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋體; LETTER-***CING: 0.3pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang=EN-US> |
<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋體; LETTER-***CING: 0.3pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang=EN-US><***N style="mso-spacerun: yes">? ***N>VP/VA <***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋體; LETTER-***CING: 0.3pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang=EN-US> |
<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋體; LETTER-***CING: 0.3pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang=EN-US><***N style="mso-spacerun: yes">??? ***N>3/7 <***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋體; LETTER-***CING: 0.3pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang=EN-US> |
<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋體; LETTER-***CING: 0.3pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang=EN-US><***N style="mso-spacerun: yes">? ***N>***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋體; LETTER-***CING: 0.3pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">可溶于乙醇<***N lang=EN-US> <***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋體; LETTER-***CING: 0.3pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang=EN-US> |
<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋體; LETTER-***CING: 0.3pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">噴發(fā)定型劑<***N lang=EN-US> <***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋體; LETTER-***CING: 0.3pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang=EN-US> |
<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋體; LETTER-***CING: 0.3pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang=EN-US><***N style="mso-spacerun: yes">? ***N>VP/VA <***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋體; LETTER-***CING: 0.3pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang=EN-US> |
<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋體; LETTER-***CING: 0.3pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang=EN-US><***N style="mso-spacerun: yes">??? ***N>2/8 <***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋體; LETTER-***CING: 0.3pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang=EN-US> |
<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋體; LETTER-***CING: 0.3pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang=EN-US><***N style="mso-spacerun: yes">? ***N>***N><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋體; LETTER-***CING: 0.3pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">可溶于乙醇<***N lang=EN-US> <***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋體; LETTER-***CING: 0.3pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang=EN-US> |
<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋體; LETTER-***CING: 0.3pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">噴發(fā)定型劑<***N lang=EN-US> <***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 新宋體; LETTER-***CING: 0.3pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt" lang=EN-US> |