<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一、<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US>PVP<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在彩色顯象管光刻膠中的應(yīng)用<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US>

<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US><***N style="mso-spacerun: yes">??? <***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">彩色顯像管黑底<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US>(Black Matrix)<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">用水溶性感光膠是彩管生產(chǎn)的關(guān)鍵材料。芳香烴疊氮化合物與<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US>PVP<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US>PAM<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的混合物取代重鉻酸－<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US>PVA<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是彩管感光膠的重要進(jìn)步。<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US>PVP<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">對感光膠的光敏性能、粘結(jié)性能、流平性能的提高起了很大作用。國內(nèi)外許多大彩管廠均采用<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US>PVP<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一疊氮化合物作為水溶性感光膠的重要組分。由于感光膠顯影后對黑白條紋界面不均度要求較嚴(yán)<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US>(<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">小于<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US>0.01mm<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US>)<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，因此對用于感光膠的<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US>PVP K90<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的質(zhì)量要求，特別是對分子量，粘度及雜質(zhì)的要求較一般工業(yè)級規(guī)格產(chǎn)品為高。為了保證彩管生產(chǎn)質(zhì)量的穩(wěn)定，對<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US>PVP K90<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的聚合體系和聚合工藝應(yīng)作專門的研究和調(diào)整。<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US>

<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US><***N style="mso-spacerun: yes">??? <***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">上述光敏抗蝕劑除了在彩管上使用外，還可用于電路板、印刷板等其它場合。<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US>

<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US><***N style="mso-spacerun: yes">??? <***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">除了水溶性感光膠之外，<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US>PVP<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">還用于彩管陰罩涂料，導(dǎo)電涂料及熒光屏用的光敏材料中。在這些彩管材料中，<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US>PVP<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">主要作為活性組份的分散劑和粘結(jié)劑。<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US>

<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">二、<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US>PVP<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在其他新材料中的應(yīng)用<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US>

<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US>PVP<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">可用于各種功能膜材料的制造中，以改進(jìn)膜的選擇性。例如，在**纖維素中加入<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US>1-4<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">％的<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US>PVP<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，所制成的血液透析膜只能透過<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US>inulin<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">而不能透過血漿。在羥丙基纖維素中增加<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US>PVP<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的含量，可增加水蒸汽的透過率。**鄰苯二酸纖維素與<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US>PVP<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">制成的膜可以作為過濾有機(jī)溶劑的反滲透膜。用<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US>PVP<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">也可以改進(jìn)海水脫鹽的反滲透膜，提高其透過率。在用各種不同的高分子材料制備超濾、納濾膜的工藝中，各種不同分子量的<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US>PVP<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">被廣泛用作致孔劑，從而得到具有各種不同分離精度，不同適應(yīng)性能的膜分離材料廣泛應(yīng)用于海水淡化、水處理、產(chǎn)品的濃縮和提純。目前全球用于膜材料生產(chǎn)的<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US>PVP<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">約為<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US>2000<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">噸<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US>/<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年，占<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US>PVP<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">消費(fèi)總量的<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US>4%<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">左右。<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US>

<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US>PVP<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">可以用于光電池或太陽能電池中用來穩(wěn)定光氧化<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US>/<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">還原染料，也可以用于鋁電解電容器中作固體電解質(zhì)的粘結(jié)劑或平板玻璃，離子電極的粘結(jié)劑。<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US>PVP<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">與<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US>Cd₂O₃<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在加熱和加壓條件下混合可作為蓄電池的電極。<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US>75-98<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">％<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US>Ni<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">粉，<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US>2<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">～<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US>2.5<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">％<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US>PVP<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US>1700<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">℃<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">下燒結(jié)<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US>10<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分鐘可以制成自支撐多孔<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US>Ni-Cd<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">和<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US>Ni-Fe<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">堿性電池的電極。也可用<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US>PVP<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">將**固定在不銹鋼纖維板上作為電池電極。在這些場合，<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US>PVP<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">都作為金屬粉末的粘結(jié)劑和分散劑。<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US>

<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US><***N style="mso-spacerun: yes">???

<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US><***N style="mso-spacerun: yes">??? PVP<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">可用于重氮和鹵化銀乳液，蝕刻涂料和印刷板的上膠劑中，形成光固化的水溶性膠體，可增加膠體的復(fù)蓋力、密度、反差和速度。在金屬感光板中，使用<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US>PVP<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">可省去深蝕刻，而且在非成像區(qū)保證粘度均勻，溫度穩(wěn)定，附著牢固。對于鹵化銀乳液，<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US>PVP<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是非常有效的保護(hù)膠體。<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US>PVP<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">也可作為鹵化銀膠體顯影時(shí)的加工助劑，用以除去重鉻酸成鹽的銹斑。<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US>

<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US><***N style="mso-spacerun: yes">??? <***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在減阻涂料、光導(dǎo)纖維、激光視盤等新技術(shù)領(lǐng)域，<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US>PVP<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的優(yōu)異性質(zhì)也受到重視和研究。<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US>

<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US><***N style="mso-spacerun: yes">??? NVP<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">與*****的羥甲<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US>(<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">乙<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US>)<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">基酯或乙二醇酯的共聚物或者后者在<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US>PVP<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">上的接枝聚合物可制成高吸水性軟接觸鏡。其吸水率可高達(dá)<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US>90<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">％，具有很好的透水、透氣性及機(jī)械強(qiáng)度。<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US>

<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US><***N style="mso-spacerun: yes">??? PVP<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">與活性金屬絡(luò)合物用作加氫催化劑的研究引人注目。如以二氧化硅為載體的<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US>PVP<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">－鈀絡(luò)合物，可在常溫、常壓下催化芳香族硝基化合物的加氫還原反應(yīng)，其催化活性高于常規(guī)催化劑。對***及問****的加氫反應(yīng)收率可達(dá)<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US>100<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">％。該系統(tǒng)加入適量乙酸，可顯著提高其催化活性，回收使用幾乎不降低催化活性。<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US>

<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US><***N style="mso-spacerun: yes">??? <***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">總之，近幾十年來<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US>PVP<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在高技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用層出不窮，不勝枚舉，涉及的專利成千上萬，但是萬變不離其宗，任何一種新的應(yīng)用都與<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US>PVP<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的優(yōu)異性能相關(guān)，而其中*受人們關(guān)注的仍然是其水溶性、成膜性、粘結(jié)性、絡(luò)合性，膠體保護(hù)性和低毒性。<***N style="mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體" lang=EN-US>