<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang=EN-US>????? PVP<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">作為一種合成水溶性高分子化合物，具有水溶性高分子化合物的一般性質(zhì)，如膠體保護作用、成膜性、粘結性、吸濕性、增溶或凝聚作用、某些化合物的絡合能力等。但其**特色，因而受到人們重視的是其優(yōu)異的溶解性能及生理相容性。在合成高分子中，象<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang=EN-US>PVP<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">這樣既溶于水，又溶于大部分有機溶劑，毒性很低，生理相容性好的品種并不多見。<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang=EN-US>PVP<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">的優(yōu)異性能使其雖然價格較貴而仍然得到越來越廣泛的應用，特別是在醫(yī)藥、食品、化妝品這些與人們健康密切相關的領域中。

<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">

<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">由于<***N lang=EN-US>PVP<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">很少單獨被應用，大部分情況下，它與其它物質(zhì)結合使用，因此無論是固體還是溶液，其相容性和相溶性是非常重要的。如果<***N lang=EN-US>PVP<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是作為增稠劑或保護膠體，一般要求**產(chǎn)品為均勻的液態(tài)。

<***N lang=EN-US><***N style="mso-spacerun: yes">??? <***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">如<***N lang=EN-US>PVP<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">作為染發(fā)劑、定發(fā)劑或藥片的包衣，則<***N lang=EN-US>PVP<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的膜的狀態(tài)是重要的。加入某些天然的或合成的高分子聚合物或有機化合物可有效的調(diào)節(jié)<***N lang=EN-US>PVP<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的吸濕性和柔軟性而不影響膜的光澤和透明度。大氣中的水也可作為一種增塑劑?？梢?/***N><***N lang=EN-US>10-50<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">％濃度加入到<***N lang=EN-US>PVP<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">中去來控制粘性或吸濕性的改性物有羧甲基纖維素、**纖維素、****纖維素、蟲膠、鄰苯二**二甲酯；還有乙二醇、甘油、二乙二醇、山梨醇、聚乙二醇<***N lang=EN-US>400<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、尿素等。其中前五種化合物有減粘作用，后六種化合物有增加粘性的作用。加入<***N lang=EN-US>10%<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">芳磺酰胺<***N lang=EN-US>-<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">甲醛樹脂可使<***N lang=EN-US>PVP<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在大氣中基本無粘性。

<***N lang=EN-US><***N style="mso-spacerun: yes">??? <***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在較低的相對濕度下，<***N lang=EN-US>PVP<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">膜呈脆性。可加入增塑劑增加其塑性，在<***N lang=EN-US>33%<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，<***N lang=EN-US>50%<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">和<***N lang=EN-US>75%<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">相對濕度下，效果較好的增塑劑分別為<***N lang=EN-US>10%<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">二乙二醇、<***N lang=EN-US>10%<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">甘油、<***N lang=EN-US>10%<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">聚乙二醇<***N lang=EN-US>400<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、<***N lang=EN-US>25%<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">二乙二醇、<***N lang=EN-US>25%<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">甘油和<***N lang=EN-US>25%<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">山梨醇和<***N lang=EN-US>25%<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">鄰苯二**二甲酯。在<***N lang=EN-US>PVP<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">用于發(fā)型固定劑時，羊毛脂衍生物是有效的增塑劑和粘度控制劑。

<***N lang=EN-US><***N style="mso-spacerun: yes">??? <***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">大部分無機鹽，許多天然合成樹脂以及表面活性劑與<***N lang=EN-US>PVP<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">溶液或固體有很好的相性。?????<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">??

<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">? 與<***N lang=EN-US>PVP<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">相容性好的化合物，能在一定溶劑和濃度下，形成透明澄清的溶液<***N lang=EN-US>(<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">或有淺色<***N lang=EN-US>)<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，用其澆注的薄膜也是均勻透明的。在這些聚合物和大分子中，有聚乙二醇、**纖維素、<***N lang=EN-US>EVA<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、聚***、<***N lang=EN-US>PVC<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、<***N lang=EN-US>PVA<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、聚**醇縮甲醛、聚**醇縮丁醛、甲基纖維素、乙基纖維素、羧甲基纖維素、蟲膠、松香樹脂、鹿角膠、海藻酸鈉、糊精、蜂蠟、羊毛脂。在表面活性劑中有：十二烷基**鈉、烷基磺酸酯、烷基酚聚氧**醚**銨、十二烷基苯磺酸鈉，以及幾乎全部陽離子表面活性劑。還有一些化合物可在低濃度溶液中與<***N lang=EN-US>PVP<***N style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">互溶，但成膜后卻不能成為均勻透明的膜。

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